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Parameter estimation assumes that the characteristics of the modeled area, including land use, groundwater management, and soil composition, remain unchanged over the observation period.The D-DEM was constructed using observations from Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR; 2015–2022), airborne laser scanning (AHN1–4; [3]), and surface leveling (TOPhoogteMD; [4]). Further details on the observations and estimation methodology are provided in [1, Chapter 4]. These datasets were complemented by Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) observations [5], benchmark leveling [6], and absolute gravimetry [7] to establish a consistent vertical reference frame for all observations: the Amsterdam Ordnance Datum Dynamic Vertical Reference Frame [1, Chapter 2; 8]. We estimate the five parameters for each parcel, and provide them in this repository, along with metadata that can be used for interpretation. 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URL: https://www.ahn.nl/ (visited on 04/02/2026).[4] Rijkswaterstaat. “Tophoogte”. Tech. rep. [Dataset] (in Dutch). Survey Department of the Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management (Rijkswaterstaat), 1992. URL: https://maps.rijkswaterstaat.nl/dataregister/srv/api/records/d80835c7-91ec-4a09-9a51-a21a7906746a.[5] Blewitt, G., W. C. Hammond, and C. Kreemer. “Harnessing the GPS data explosion for interdisciplinary science”. In: EOS 99 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1029/2018EO104623.[6] Rijkswaterstaat, “NAPinfo” (in Dutch). 2026. URL: https://geoweb.rijkswaterstaat.nl/ModuleViewer/?app=9b07e48705b54e6aa39af7eb36e9544c (visited on 02/04/2026).[7] Reudink, R., R. Klees, B. Alberts, and P. van Waarden. “Absolute vertical motion of the Amsterdam Ordnance Datum (NAP)”. In: Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS) 382 (2020), pp. 161–165. htpps://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-382-161-2020.[8] van Diepen, S.A.N., P. Conroy , A.M. Lapadat, F.J. van Leijen, R.F. 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    <description descriptionType="Abstract">&lt;p&gt;A Dynamic Digital Elevation Model (D-DEM) represents elevation as a function of time for a defined set of geographic locations or areas, using a mathematical model with estimated parameters and associated quality measures, expressed in a specified geodetic reference frame [1, Chapter 3]. This dataset provides a D-DEM of the peatlands in the Green Heart region of the Netherlands, based on an extended version of the Simple Parametrization for the Motion of Soils (SPAMS) model [2], adapted to describe elevation changes over decadal timescales. The model represents elevation and surface motion through a parameterization of the underlying physical processes, using meteorological observables, particularly precipitation and evapotranspiration, as proxies for the principal drivers of temporal variability. Elevation is described&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;by five parameters: four SPAMS parameters [2] and an additional parameter representing elevation at the reference epoch. Parameter estimation assumes that the characteristics of the modeled area, including land use, groundwater management, and soil composition, remain unchanged over the observation period.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The D-DEM was constructed using observations from Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR; 2015–2022), airborne laser scanning (AHN1–4; [3]), and surface leveling (TOPhoogteMD; [4]). Further details on the observations and estimation methodology are provided in [1, Chapter 4]. These datasets were complemented by Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) observations [5], benchmark leveling [6], and absolute gravimetry [7] to establish a consistent vertical reference frame for all observations: the Amsterdam Ordnance Datum Dynamic Vertical Reference Frame [1, Chapter 2; 8]. We estimate the five parameters for each parcel, and provide them in this repository, along with metadata that can be used for interpretation. Meteorological data used in the model estimation of SPAMS is provided by the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI). Details on the soil lithography can be retrieved through the basic registration subsurface (BRO–PDOK).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This dataset is stored in geopackage format. It can be directly loaded into geospatial analysis tools such as QGIS. Metadata on the used model and used vertical reference frame is provided in the supplement PDF.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;References:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;[1] van Diepen, S.A.N., “The Dynamic Digital Elevation Model. Definition, Methodology and Implementation of Time-Variable Digital Elevation Models”. PhD Thesis, Delft University of Technology, in prep..&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;[2] Conroy, P., S.A.N. van Diepen and R.F. Hanssen, “SPAMS: A new empirical model for soft soil surface displacement based on meteorological input data”, Geoderma 440 (2023), pp. 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2023.116699.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;[3] Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland, “Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland”. (in Dutch). URL: https://www.ahn.nl/ (visited on 04/02/2026).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;[4] Rijkswaterstaat. “Tophoogte”. Tech. rep. [Dataset] (in Dutch). Survey Department of the Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management (Rijkswaterstaat), 1992. URL: https://maps.rijkswaterstaat.nl/dataregister/srv/api/records/d80835c7-91ec-4a09-9a51-a21a7906746a.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;[5] Blewitt, G., W. C. Hammond, and C. Kreemer. “Harnessing the GPS data explosion for interdisciplinary science”. In: EOS 99 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1029/2018EO104623.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;[6] Rijkswaterstaat, “NAPinfo” (in Dutch). 2026. URL: https://geoweb.rijkswaterstaat.nl/ModuleViewer/?app=9b07e48705b54e6aa39af7eb36e9544c (visited on 02/04/2026).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;[7] Reudink, R., R. Klees, B. Alberts, and P. van Waarden. “Absolute vertical motion of the Amsterdam Ordnance Datum (NAP)”. In: Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS) 382 (2020), pp. 161–165. htpps://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-382-161-2020.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;[8] van Diepen, S.A.N., P. Conroy , A.M. Lapadat, F.J. van Leijen, R.F. Hanssen. “The Amsterdam Ordnance Datum Dynamic Vertical Reference Frame NAP-D2023P1”. 4TU.ResearchData; 2026. [Dataset]. https://doi.org/10.4121/3a2724b9-074e-4c40-9c81-a69f04ed94e4.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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