{"data":{"id":"10.25384/sage.c.4411148.v1","type":"dois","attributes":{"doi":"10.25384/sage.c.4411148.v1","prefix":"10.25384","suffix":"sage.c.4411148.v1","identifiers":[],"alternateIdentifiers":[],"creators":[{"name":"Shepley, Collin","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Collin","familyName":"Shepley","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Lane, Justin D.","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Justin D.","familyName":"Lane","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Ault, Melinda Jones","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Melinda Jones","familyName":"Ault","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]}],"titles":[{"title":"A Review and Critical Examination of the System of Least Prompts"}],"publisher":"Figshare","container":{},"publicationYear":2018,"subjects":[{"subject":"Education"},{"subject":"170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified","subjectScheme":"FOR"},{"subject":"FOS: Psychology","schemeUri":"http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"130312 Special Education and Disability","subjectScheme":"FOR"},{"subject":"FOS: Educational sciences","schemeUri":"http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"}],"contributors":[],"dates":[{"date":"2019-02-22","dateType":"Created"},{"date":"2019-02-22","dateType":"Updated"},{"date":"2018","dateType":"Issued"}],"language":null,"types":{"ris":"GEN","bibtex":"misc","citeproc":"article","schemaOrg":"Collection","resourceType":"Collection","resourceTypeGeneral":"Collection"},"relatedIdentifiers":[{"relationType":"IsSupplementTo","relatedIdentifier":"10.1177/0741932517751213","relatedIdentifierType":"DOI"},{"relationType":"IsIdenticalTo","relatedIdentifier":"10.25384/sage.c.4411148","relatedIdentifierType":"DOI"}],"relatedItems":[],"sizes":[],"formats":[],"version":null,"rightsList":[{"rights":"CC BY 4.0","rightsUri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"}],"descriptions":[{"description":"We systematically reviewed more than 25 years of applied research examining the system of least prompts response prompting procedure with individuals with disabilities. We identified 123 peer-reviewed studies including 413 participants receiving instruction with the system of least prompts. A total of 252 experimental designs were evaluated, with 51 designs indicating a functional relation and the presence of 154 demonstrations of effect across 91 individuals. Our data indicate that the system of least prompts is an evidenced-based practice for teaching chained responses related to community, self-care, and vocational skills to individuals with moderate intellectual disability who are 13 years of age or older. In addition, we present and discuss a method for analyzing and aggregating data from single-case studies to account for noneffects and publication bias when identifying if an intervention meets standards as an evidence-based practice.","descriptionType":"Abstract"}],"geoLocations":[],"fundingReferences":[],"xml":"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","url":"https://sage.figshare.com/collections/A_Review_and_Critical_Examination_of_the_System_of_Least_Prompts/4411148/1","contentUrl":null,"metadataVersion":0,"schemaVersion":"http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4","source":"mds","isActive":true,"state":"findable","reason":null,"viewCount":0,"viewsOverTime":[],"downloadCount":0,"downloadsOverTime":[],"referenceCount":1,"citationCount":0,"citationsOverTime":[],"partCount":0,"partOfCount":0,"versionCount":0,"versionOfCount":0,"created":"2019-02-22T08:37:59.000Z","registered":"2019-02-22T08:38:00.000Z","published":"2018","updated":"2024-08-28T06:32:17.000Z"},"relationships":{"client":{"data":{"id":"sage.journals","type":"clients"}},"provider":{"data":{"id":"sage","type":"providers"}},"media":{"data":{"id":"10.25384/sage.c.4411148.v1","type":"media"}},"references":{"data":[{"id":"10.1177/0741932517751213","type":"dois"}]},"citations":{"data":[]},"parts":{"data":[]},"partOf":{"data":[]},"versions":{"data":[]},"versionOf":{"data":[]}}}}