{"data":{"id":"10.25384/sage.c.4347524","type":"dois","attributes":{"doi":"10.25384/sage.c.4347524","prefix":"10.25384","suffix":"sage.c.4347524","identifiers":[],"alternateIdentifiers":[],"creators":[{"name":"Hartley, Calum","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Calum","familyName":"Hartley","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Trainer, Alice","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Alice","familyName":"Trainer","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Allen, Melissa L","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Melissa L","familyName":"Allen","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]}],"titles":[{"title":"Investigating the relationship between language and picture understanding in children with autism spectrum disorder"}],"publisher":"Figshare","container":{},"publicationYear":2017,"subjects":[{"subject":"170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified","subjectScheme":"FOR"},{"subject":"FOS: Psychology","schemeUri":"http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"110319 Psychiatry (incl. Psychotherapy)","subjectScheme":"FOR"},{"subject":"FOS: Clinical medicine","schemeUri":"http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified","subjectScheme":"FOR"},{"subject":"FOS: Health sciences","schemeUri":"http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"Education"},{"subject":"130312 Special Education and Disability","subjectScheme":"FOR"},{"subject":"FOS: Educational sciences","schemeUri":"http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"}],"contributors":[],"dates":[{"date":"2018-12-26","dateType":"Created"},{"date":"2018-12-26","dateType":"Updated"},{"date":"2017","dateType":"Issued"}],"language":null,"types":{"ris":"GEN","bibtex":"misc","citeproc":"article","schemaOrg":"Collection","resourceType":"Collection","resourceTypeGeneral":"Collection"},"relatedIdentifiers":[{"relationType":"IsSupplementTo","relatedIdentifier":"10.1177/1362361317729613","relatedIdentifierType":"DOI"}],"relatedItems":[],"sizes":[],"formats":[],"version":null,"rightsList":[{"rights":"CC BY 4.0","rightsUri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"}],"descriptions":[{"description":"Previous studies report that minimally verbal children with autism spectrum disorder show impaired picture comprehension when matched to typically developing controls on language comprehension. Here, we compare \u003ci\u003eboth\u003c/i\u003e picture comprehension and picture production abilities in linguistically delayed children with autism spectrum disorder and typically developing controls matched on language comprehension \u003ci\u003eand\u003c/i\u003e language production. Participants were 20 children with autism spectrum disorder (\u003ci\u003eM\u003c/i\u003e age: 11.2 years) and 20 typically developing children (\u003ci\u003eM\u003c/i\u003e age: 4.4 years) matched on age equivalents for receptive language (autism spectrum disorder, \u003ci\u003eM\u003c/i\u003e: 4.6 years; typically developing, \u003ci\u003eM\u003c/i\u003e: 4.5 years) and expressive language (autism spectrum disorder, \u003ci\u003eM\u003c/i\u003e: 4.4 years; typically developing, \u003ci\u003eM\u003c/i\u003e: 4.5 years). Picture comprehension was assessed by asking children to identify the three-dimensional referents of line drawings. Picture production was assessed by asking children to create representational drawings of unfamiliar objects and having raters identify their referents. The results of both picture tasks revealed statistically equivalent performance for typically developing children and children with autism spectrum disorder, and identical patterns of performance across trial types. These findings suggest that early deficits in pictorial understanding displayed by minimally verbal individuals may diminish as their expressive language skills develop. Theoretically, our study indicates that development in linguistic and pictorial domains may be inter-related for children with autism spectrum disorder (as is the case for typical development).","descriptionType":"Abstract"}],"geoLocations":[],"fundingReferences":[],"xml":"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