{"data":{"id":"10.25384/sage.c.4141991.v1","type":"dois","attributes":{"doi":"10.25384/sage.c.4141991.v1","prefix":"10.25384","suffix":"sage.c.4141991.v1","identifiers":[],"alternateIdentifiers":[],"creators":[{"name":"G.D. Slade","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"W.B. Grider","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"W.R. Maas","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"A.E. Sanders","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]}],"titles":[{"title":"Water Fluoridation and Dental Caries in U.S. Children and Adolescents"}],"publisher":"Figshare","container":{},"publicationYear":2018,"subjects":[{"subject":"110599 Dentistry not elsewhere classified","subjectScheme":"FOR"},{"subject":"FOS: Clinical medicine","schemeUri":"http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"91299 Materials Engineering not elsewhere classified","subjectScheme":"FOR"},{"subject":"FOS: Materials engineering","schemeUri":"http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"}],"contributors":[],"dates":[{"date":"2018-06-22","dateType":"Created"},{"date":"2018-06-22","dateType":"Updated"},{"date":"2018","dateType":"Issued"}],"language":null,"types":{"ris":"GEN","bibtex":"misc","citeproc":"article","schemaOrg":"Collection","resourceType":"Collection","resourceTypeGeneral":"Collection"},"relatedIdentifiers":[{"relationType":"IsSupplementTo","relatedIdentifier":"10.1177/0022034518774331","relatedIdentifierType":"DOI"},{"relationType":"IsIdenticalTo","relatedIdentifier":"10.25384/sage.c.4141991","relatedIdentifierType":"DOI"}],"relatedItems":[],"sizes":[],"formats":[],"version":null,"rightsList":[{"rights":"CC BY 4.0","rightsUri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"}],"descriptions":[{"description":"Fluoridation of America’s drinking water was among the great public health achievements of the 20th century. Yet there is a paucity of studies from the past 3 decades investigating its dental health benefits in the U.S. population. This cross-sectional study sought to evaluate associations between availability of community water fluoridation (CWF) and dental caries experience in the U.S. child and adolescent population. County-level estimates of the percentage of population served by CWF (% CWF) from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Water Fluoridation Reporting System were merged with dental examination data from 10 y of National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (1999 to 2004 and 2011 to 2014). Dental caries experience in the primary dentition (decayed and filled tooth surfaces [dfs]) was calculated for 7,000 children aged 2 to 8 y and in the permanent dentition (decayed, missing, and filled tooth surfaces [DMFS]) for 12,604 children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 y. Linear regression models estimated associations between % CWF and dental caries experience with adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics: age, sex, race/ethnicity, rural-urban location, head-of-household education, and period since last dental visit. Sensitivity analysis excluded counties fluoridated after 1998. In unadjusted analysis, caries experience in the primary dentition was lower in counties with ≥75% CWF (mean dfs = 3.3; 95% confidence limit [CL] = 2.8, 3.7) than in counties with \u0026lt;75% CWF (mean dfs = 4.6; 95% CL = 3.9, 5.4), a prevented fraction of 30% (95% CL = 11, 48). The difference was also statistically significant, although less pronounced, in the permanent dentition: mean DMFS (95% CL) was 2.2 (2.0, 2.4) and 1.9 (1.8, 2.1), respectively, representing a prevented fraction of 12% (95% CL = 1, 23). Statistically significant associations likewise were seen when % CWF was modeled as a continuum, and differences tended to increase in covariate-adjusted analysis and in sensitivity analysis. These findings confirm a substantial caries-preventive benefit of CWF for U.S. children and that the benefit is most pronounced in primary teeth.","descriptionType":"Abstract"}],"geoLocations":[],"fundingReferences":[],"xml":"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