{"data":{"id":"10.25377/sussex.7271168","type":"dois","attributes":{"doi":"10.25377/sussex.7271168","prefix":"10.25377","suffix":"sussex.7271168","identifiers":[],"alternateIdentifiers":[],"creators":[{"name":"Howat-Maxted, Freja","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Freja","familyName":"Howat-Maxted","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Sansour, Leila","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Leila","familyName":"Sansour","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Brown, Bea","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Bea","familyName":"Brown","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Norris, Jacob","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Jacob","familyName":"Norris","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]}],"titles":[{"title":"Hanna Abdallah Giacaman from Bethlehem, aged 82, discussing the Ottoman period and World War I"}],"publisher":"University of Sussex","container":{},"publicationYear":2019,"subjects":[{"subject":"210310 Middle Eastern and African History","subjectScheme":"FOR"},{"subject":"FOS: History and archaeology","schemeUri":"http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"FOS: History and archaeology","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"}],"contributors":[],"dates":[{"date":"2018-10-30","dateType":"Created"},{"date":"2019-08-21","dateType":"Updated"},{"date":"2019","dateType":"Issued"}],"language":null,"types":{"ris":"DATA","bibtex":"misc","citeproc":"dataset","schemaOrg":"Dataset","resourceType":"Dataset","resourceTypeGeneral":"Dataset"},"relatedIdentifiers":[],"relatedItems":[],"sizes":["76431490 Bytes"],"formats":[],"version":null,"rightsList":[{"rights":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International","rightsUri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","schemeUri":"https://spdx.org/licenses/","rightsIdentifier":"cc-by-4.0","rightsIdentifierScheme":"SPDX"}],"descriptions":[{"description":"Hanna Abdallah Giacaman (82 years old, born 1922 from Bethlehem) interviewed by Saba al-Khoury on 26 June 2004. \u003cbr\u003eHe discusses the following: World War I and Ottoman rule in Bethlehem; Ottomans never opened schools, only churches provided schooling and the Ottomans would prohibit Muslims from joining them; the Ottomans levied taxes but did not use them to support local infrastructure – all the money went to Istanbul; Muslims were drafted into the army, Christians had to pay a tax for exemption but this changed in World War 1 when they started drafting everyone, even people above the age of 40; 95% of the men conscripted into the army were killed but some escaped or managed to survive; the removal of so many local men from the workforce was one of the factors behind the starvation of World War I; another factor was that the Ottomans took a lot of the local crops; people lived off foraging and picking barley out of horse manure; discusses the locust plague; during the cholera outbreak the Ottomans used to kill the sick; people fled conscription; different people were deployed in different ways for the war effort.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOriginal audio recording: cassette tape. Transcript: summary. In the original collection at Bethlehem University this cassette tape was categorised as File 1 of Box 12. \u003cbr\u003eThis fileset exists as part of the Ottoman Empire and World War I collection within the Bethlehem University Oral History project of the Planet Bethlehem Archive.","descriptionType":"Abstract"}],"geoLocations":[],"fundingReferences":[],"xml":"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","url":"https://sussex.figshare.com/articles/Hanna_Abdallah_Giacaman_from_Bethlehem_aged_82_discussing_the_Ottoman_period_and_World_War_I/7271168","contentUrl":null,"metadataVersion":2,"schemaVersion":"http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4","source":"mds","isActive":true,"state":"findable","reason":null,"viewCount":0,"viewsOverTime":[],"downloadCount":0,"downloadsOverTime":[],"referenceCount":0,"citationCount":0,"citationsOverTime":[],"partCount":0,"partOfCount":0,"versionCount":0,"versionOfCount":0,"created":"2019-08-21T07:26:51.000Z","registered":"2019-08-21T07:26:51.000Z","published":"2019"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