{"data":{"id":"10.23641/asha.6002267","type":"dois","attributes":{"doi":"10.23641/asha.6002267","prefix":"10.23641","suffix":"asha.6002267","identifiers":[{"identifier":"https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.6002267","identifierType":"DOI"}],"alternateIdentifiers":[{"alternateIdentifierType":"DOI","alternateIdentifier":"https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.6002267"}],"creators":[{"name":"Hennequin, Alexandre","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Alexandre","familyName":"Hennequin","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Rochet-Capellan, Amélie","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Amélie","familyName":"Rochet-Capellan","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Gerber, Silvain","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Silvain","familyName":"Gerber","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Dohen, Marion","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Marion","familyName":"Dohen","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]}],"titles":[{"title":"Auditory–visual perception of Down syndrome speech (Hennequin et al., 2018)"}],"publisher":"Figshare","container":{},"publicationYear":2018,"subjects":[{"subject":"170204 Linguistic Processes (incl. Speech Production and Comprehension)","subjectScheme":"FOR"},{"subject":"FOS: Psychology","schemeUri":"http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"200306 French Language","subjectScheme":"FOR"},{"subject":"FOS: Languages and literature","schemeUri":"http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"}],"contributors":[],"dates":[{"date":"2018-03-19","dateType":"Created"},{"date":"2018-04-18","dateType":"Updated"},{"date":"2018","dateType":"Issued"}],"language":null,"types":{"ris":"GEN","bibtex":"misc","citeproc":"article","schemaOrg":"Collection","resourceType":"Fileset","resourceTypeGeneral":"Collection"},"relatedIdentifiers":[{"relationType":"IsSupplementTo","relatedIdentifier":"10.1044/2017_jslhr-h-17-0112","relatedIdentifierType":"DOI"}],"relatedItems":[],"sizes":["2203003 Bytes"],"formats":[],"version":null,"rightsList":[{"rights":"CC BY 4.0","rightsUri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"}],"descriptions":[{"description":"\u003cb\u003ePurpose: \u003c/b\u003eThis work evaluates whether seeing the speaker’s face could improve the speech intelligibility of adults with Down syndrome (DS). This is not straightforward because DS induces a number of anatomical and motor anomalies affecting the orofacial zone.\u003cb\u003eMethod:\u003c/b\u003e A speech-in-noise perception test was used to evaluate the intelligibility of 16 consonants (Cs) produced in a vowel–consonant–vowel context (Vo = /a/) by 4 speakers with DS and 4 control speakers. Forty-eight naïve participants were asked to identify the stimuli in 3 modalities: auditory (A), visual (V), and auditory–visual (AV). The probability of correct responses was analyzed, as well as AV gain, confusions, and transmitted information as a function of modality and phonetic features.\u003cb\u003eResults:\u003c/b\u003e The probability of correct response follows the trend AV \u0026gt; A \u0026gt; V, with smaller values for the DS than the control speakers in A and AV but not in V. This trend depended on the C: the V information particularly improved the transmission of place of articulation and to a lesser extent of manner, whereas voicing remained specifically altered in DS.\u003cb\u003eConclusions:\u003c/b\u003e The results suggest that the V information is intact in the speech of people with DS and improves the perception of some phonetic features in Cs in a similar way as for control speakers. This result has implications for further studies, rehabilitation protocols, and specific training of caregivers.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eSupplemental Material S1.\u003c/b\u003e General information about intelligibility and orofacial specificities of the four speakers with Down syndrome (DS).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eSupplemental Material S2.\u003c/b\u003e Details of transmitted information computation.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eSupplemental Material S3.\u003c/b\u003e Effect of presentation order on \u003ci\u003eProb_correct_VCV\u003c/i\u003e.\u003cb\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eSupplemental Material S4. \u003c/b\u003eAnalysis of the probability of correct consonant identification as a function of experimental condition.\u003cbr\u003eHennequin, A., Rochet-Capellan, A., Gerber, S., \u0026amp; Dohen, M. (2018). Does the visual channel improve the perception of consonants produced by speakers of French with Down syndrome? \u003ci\u003eJournal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 61, \u003c/i\u003e957–972. https://doi.org/10.1044/2017_JSLHR-H-17-0112","descriptionType":"Abstract"}],"geoLocations":[],"fundingReferences":[],"xml":"PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4wIj8+CjxyZXNvdXJjZSB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL2RhdGFjaXRlLm9yZy9zY2hlbWEva2VybmVsLTMiIHhtbG5zOnhzaT0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMS9YTUxTY2hlbWEtaW5zdGFuY2UiIHhzaTpzY2hlbWFMb2NhdGlvbj0iaHR0cDovL2RhdGFjaXRlLm9yZy9zY2hlbWEva2VybmVsLTMgaHR0cDovL3NjaGVtYS5kYXRhY2l0ZS5vcmcvbWV0YS9rZXJuZWwtMy9tZXRhZGF0YS54c2QiPgogIDxpZGVudGlmaWVyIGlkZW50aWZpZXJUeXBlPSJET0kiPjEwLjIzNjQxL2FzaGEuNjAwMjI2NzwvaWRlbnRpZmllcj4KICA8Y3JlYXRvcnM+CiAgICA8Y3JlYXRvcj4KICAgICAgPGNyZWF0b3JOYW1lPkFsZXhhbmRyZSBIZW5uZXF1aW48L2NyZWF0b3JOYW1lPgogICAgPC9jcmVhdG9yPgogICAgPGNyZWF0b3I+CiAgICAgIDxjcmVhdG9yTmFtZT5BbSYjeEU5O2xpZSBSb2NoZXQtQ2FwZWxsYW48L2NyZWF0b3JOYW1lPgogICAgPC9jcmVhdG9yPgogICAgPGNyZWF0b3I+CiAgICAgIDxjcmVhdG9yTmFtZT5TaWx2YWluIEdlcmJlcjwvY3JlYXRvck5hbWU+CiAgICA8L2NyZWF0b3I+CiAgICA8Y3JlYXRvcj4KICAgICAgPGNyZWF0b3JOYW1lPk1hcmlvbiBEb2hlbjwvY3JlYXRvck5hbWU+CiAgICA8L2NyZWF0b3I+CiAgPC9jcmVhdG9ycz4KICA8dGl0bGVzPgogICAgPHRpdGxlPkF1ZGl0b3J5JiN4MjAxMzt2aXN1YWwgcGVyY2VwdGlvbiBvZiBEb3duIHN5bmRyb21lIHNwZWVjaCAoSGVubmVxdWluIGV0IGFsLiwgMjAxOCk8L3RpdGxlPgogIDwvdGl0bGVzPgogIDxkZXNjcmlwdGlvbnM+CiAgICA8ZGVzY3JpcHRpb24gZGVzY3JpcHRpb25UeXBlPSJBYnN0cmFjdCI+Jmx0O2RpdiZndDsmbHQ7YiZndDtQdXJwb3NlOiAmbHQ7L2ImZ3Q7VGhpcyB3b3JrIGV2YWx1YXRlcyB3aGV0aGVyIHNlZWluZyB0aGUgc3BlYWtlciYjeDIwMTk7cyBmYWNlIGNvdWxkIGltcHJvdmUgdGhlIHNwZWVjaCBpbnRlbGxpZ2liaWxpdHkgb2YgYWR1bHRzIHdpdGggRG93biBzeW5kcm9tZSAoRFMpLiBUaGlzIGlzIG5vdCBzdHJhaWdodGZvcndhcmQgYmVjYXVzZSBEUyBpbmR1Y2VzIGEgbnVtYmVyIG9mIGFuYXRvbWljYWwgYW5kIG1vdG9yIGFub21hbGllcyBhZmZlY3RpbmcgdGhlIG9yb2ZhY2lhbCB6b25lLiZsdDsvZGl2Jmd0OyZsdDtkaXYmZ3Q7Jmx0O2ImZ3Q7TWV0aG9kOiZsdDsvYiZndDsgQSBzcGVlY2gtaW4tbm9pc2UgcGVyY2VwdGlvbiB0ZXN0IHdhcyB1c2VkIHRvIGV2YWx1YXRlIHRoZSBpbnRlbGxpZ2liaWxpdHkgb2YgMTYgY29uc29uYW50cyAoQ3MpIHByb2R1Y2VkIGluIGEgdm93ZWwmI3gyMDEzO2NvbnNvbmFudCYjeDIwMTM7dm93ZWwgY29udGV4dCAoVm8gPSAvYS8pIGJ5IDQgc3BlYWtlcnMgd2l0aCBEUyBhbmQgNCBjb250cm9sIHNwZWFrZXJzLiBGb3J0eS1laWdodCBuYSYjeEVGO3ZlIHBhcnRpY2lwYW50cyB3ZXJlIGFza2VkIHRvIGlkZW50aWZ5IHRoZSBzdGltdWxpIGluIDMgbW9kYWxpdGllczogYXVkaXRvcnkgKEEpLCB2aXN1YWwgKFYpLCBhbmQgYXVkaXRvcnkmI3gyMDEzO3Zpc3VhbCAoQVYpLiBUaGUgcHJvYmFiaWxpdHkgb2YgY29ycmVjdCByZXNwb25zZXMgd2FzIGFuYWx5emVkLCBhcyB3ZWxsIGFzIEFWIGdhaW4sIGNvbmZ1c2lvbnMsIGFuZCB0cmFuc21pdHRlZCBpbmZvcm1hdGlvbiBhcyBhIGZ1bmN0aW9uIG9mIG1vZGFsaXR5IGFuZCBwaG9uZXRpYyBmZWF0dXJlcy4mbHQ7L2RpdiZndDsmbHQ7ZGl2Jmd0OyZsdDtiJmd0O1Jlc3VsdHM6Jmx0Oy9iJmd0OyBUaGUgcHJvYmFiaWxpdHkgb2YgY29ycmVjdCByZXNwb25zZSBmb2xsb3dzIHRoZSB0cmVuZCBBViAmZ3Q7IEEgJmd0OyBWLCB3aXRoIHNtYWxsZXIgdmFsdWVzIGZvciB0aGUgRFMgdGhhbiB0aGUgY29udHJvbCBzcGVha2VycyBpbiBBIGFuZCBBViBidXQgbm90IGluIFYuIFRoaXMgdHJlbmQgZGVwZW5kZWQgb24gdGhlIEM6IHRoZSBWIGluZm9ybWF0aW9uIHBhcnRpY3VsYXJseSBpbXByb3ZlZCB0aGUgdHJhbnNtaXNzaW9uIG9mIHBsYWNlIG9mIGFydGljdWxhdGlvbiBhbmQgdG8gYSBsZXNzZXIgZXh0ZW50IG9mIG1hbm5lciwgd2hlcmVhcyB2b2ljaW5nIHJlbWFpbmVkIHNwZWNpZmljYWxseSBhbHRlcmVkIGluIERTLiZsdDsvZGl2Jmd0OyZsdDtkaXYmZ3Q7Jmx0O2ImZ3Q7Q29uY2x1c2lvbnM6Jmx0Oy9iJmd0OyBUaGUgcmVzdWx0cyBzdWdnZXN0IHRoYXQgdGhlIFYgaW5mb3JtYXRpb24gaXMgaW50YWN0IGluIHRoZSBzcGVlY2ggb2YgcGVvcGxlIHdpdGggRFMgYW5kIGltcHJvdmVzIHRoZSBwZXJjZXB0aW9uIG9mIHNvbWUgcGhvbmV0aWMgZmVhdHVyZXMgaW4gQ3MgaW4gYSBzaW1pbGFyIHdheSBhcyBmb3IgY29udHJvbCBzcGVha2Vycy4gVGhpcyByZXN1bHQgaGFzIGltcGxpY2F0aW9ucyBmb3IgZnVydGhlciBzdHVkaWVzLCByZWhhYmlsaXRhdGlvbiBwcm90b2NvbHMsIGFuZCBzcGVjaWZpYyB0cmFpbmluZyBvZiBjYXJlZ2l2ZXJzLiZsdDsvZGl2Jmd0OyZsdDtkaXYmZ3Q7Jmx0O2JyJmd0OyZsdDsvZGl2Jmd0OyZsdDtkaXYmZ3Q7Jmx0O2ImZ3Q7U3VwcGxlbWVudGFsIE1hdGVyaWFsIFMxLiZsdDsvYiZndDsgR2VuZXJhbCBpbmZvcm1hdGlvbiBhYm91dCBpbnRlbGxpZ2liaWxpdHkgYW5kIG9yb2ZhY2lhbCBzcGVjaWZpY2l0aWVzIG9mIHRoZSBmb3VyIHNwZWFrZXJzIHdpdGggRG93biBzeW5kcm9tZSAoRFMpLiZsdDsvZGl2Jmd0OyZsdDtkaXYmZ3Q7Jmx0O2JyJmd0OyZsdDsvZGl2Jmd0OyZsdDtkaXYmZ3Q7Jmx0O2ImZ3Q7U3VwcGxlbWVudGFsIE1hdGVyaWFsIFMyLiZsdDsvYiZndDsgRGV0YWlscyBvZiB0cmFuc21pdHRlZCBpbmZvcm1hdGlvbiBjb21wdXRhdGlvbi4mbHQ7L2RpdiZndDsmbHQ7ZGl2Jmd0OyZsdDticiZndDsmbHQ7L2RpdiZndDsmbHQ7ZGl2Jmd0OyZsdDtiJmd0O1N1cHBsZW1lbnRhbCBNYXRlcmlhbCBTMy4mbHQ7L2ImZ3Q7IEVmZmVjdCBvZiBwcmVzZW50YXRpb24gb3JkZXIgb24gJmx0O2kmZ3Q7UHJvYl9jb3JyZWN0X1ZDViZsdDsvaSZndDsuJmx0Oy9kaXYmZ3Q7Jmx0O2RpdiZndDsmbHQ7YiZndDsmbHQ7YnImZ3Q7Jmx0Oy9iJmd0OyZsdDsvZGl2Jmd0OyZsdDtkaXYmZ3Q7Jmx0O2ImZ3Q7U3VwcGxlbWVudGFsIE1hdGVyaWFsIFM0LiAmbHQ7L2ImZ3Q7QW5hbHlzaXMgb2YgdGhlIHByb2JhYmlsaXR5IG9mIGNvcnJlY3QgY29uc29uYW50IGlkZW50aWZpY2F0aW9uIGFzIGEgZnVuY3Rpb24gb2YgZXhwZXJpbWVudGFsIGNvbmRpdGlvbi4mbHQ7L2RpdiZndDsmbHQ7ZGl2Jmd0OyZsdDticiZndDsmbHQ7L2RpdiZndDsmbHQ7ZGl2Jmd0O0hlbm5lcXVpbiwgQS4sIFJvY2hldC1DYXBlbGxhbiwgQS4sIEdlcmJlciwgUy4sICZhbXA7IERvaGVuLCBNLiAoMjAxOCkuIERvZXMgdGhlIHZpc3VhbCBjaGFubmVsIGltcHJvdmUgdGhlIHBlcmNlcHRpb24gb2YgY29uc29uYW50cyBwcm9kdWNlZCBieSBzcGVha2VycyBvZiBGcmVuY2ggd2l0aCBEb3duIHN5bmRyb21lPyAmbHQ7aSZndDtKb3VybmFsIG9mIFNwZWVjaCwgTGFuZ3VhZ2UsIGFuZCBIZWFyaW5nIFJlc2VhcmNoLCA2MSwgJmx0Oy9pJmd0Ozk1NyYjeDIwMTM7OTcyLiBodHRwczovL2RvaS5vcmcvMTAuMTA0NC8yMDE3X0pTTEhSLUgtMTctMDExMiZsdDsvZGl2Jmd0OzwvZGVzY3JpcHRpb24+CiAgPC9kZXNjcmlwdGlvbnM+CiAgPHN1YmplY3R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