{"data":{"id":"10.23641/asha.5913532","type":"dois","attributes":{"doi":"10.23641/asha.5913532","prefix":"10.23641","suffix":"asha.5913532","identifiers":[{"identifier":"https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.5913532","identifierType":"DOI"}],"alternateIdentifiers":[{"alternateIdentifierType":"DOI","alternateIdentifier":"https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.5913532"}],"creators":[{"name":"Croake, Daniel J.","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Daniel J.","familyName":"Croake","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Andreatta, Richard D.","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Richard D.","familyName":"Andreatta","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Stemple, Joseph C.","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Joseph C.","familyName":"Stemple","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]}],"titles":[{"title":"Vocalization subsystem responses (Croake et al., 2018)"}],"publisher":"Figshare","container":{},"publicationYear":2018,"subjects":[{"subject":"111603 Systems Physiology","subjectScheme":"FOR"},{"subject":"FOS: Basic medicine","schemeUri":"http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"}],"contributors":[],"dates":[{"date":"2018-02-22","dateType":"Created"},{"date":"2018-03-15","dateType":"Updated"},{"date":"2018","dateType":"Issued"}],"language":null,"types":{"ris":"GEN","bibtex":"misc","citeproc":"article","schemaOrg":"Collection","resourceType":"Fileset","resourceTypeGeneral":"Collection"},"relatedIdentifiers":[{"relationType":"IsSupplementTo","relatedIdentifier":"10.1044/2017_jslhr-s-17-0227","relatedIdentifierType":"DOI"}],"relatedItems":[],"sizes":["296199 Bytes"],"formats":[],"version":null,"rightsList":[{"rights":"CC BY 4.0","rightsUri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"}],"descriptions":[{"description":"\u003cb\u003ePurpose: \u003c/b\u003eThe purpose of this study is to quantify the interactions of the 3 vocalization subsystems of respiration, phonation, and resonance before, during, and after a perturbation to the larynx (temporarily induced unilateral vocal fold paralysis) in 10 vocally healthy participants. Using dynamic systems theory as a guide, we hypothesized that data groupings would emerge revealing context-dependent patterns in the relationships of variables representing the 3 vocalization subsystems. We also hypothesized that group data would mask important individual variability important to understanding the relationships among the vocalization subsystems.\u003cb\u003eMethod: \u003c/b\u003eA perturbation paradigm was used to obtain respiratory kinematic, aerodynamic, and acoustic formant measures from 10 healthy participants (8 women, 2 men) with normal voices. Group and individual data were analyzed to provide a multilevel analysis of the data. A 3-dimensional state space model was constructed to demonstrate the interactive relationships among the 3 subsystems before, during, and after perturbation.\u003cb\u003eResults:\u003c/b\u003e During perturbation, group data revealed that lung volume initiations and terminations were lower, with longer respiratory excursions; airflow rates increased while subglottic pressures were maintained. Acoustic formant measures indicated that the spacing between the upper formants decreased (F3–F5), whereas the spacing between F1 and F2 increased. State space modeling revealed the changing directionality and interactions among the 3 subsystems.\u003cb\u003eConclusions: \u003c/b\u003eGroup data alone masked important variability necessary to understand the unique relationships among the 3 subsystems. Multilevel analysis permitted a richer understanding of the individual differences in phonatory regulation and permitted subgroup analysis. Dynamic systems theory may be a useful heuristic to model the interactive relationships among vocalization subsystems.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eSupplemental Material S1.\u003c/b\u003e Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eSupplemental Material S2. \u003c/b\u003eDescriptive statistics: group means, standard deviations, and ranges by condition (pre recurrent laryngeal nerve [RLN] block [PRE], during RLN block [DUR], and post-RLN block recovered [REC]).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eSupplemental Material S3.\u003c/b\u003e Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Tukey’s honestly significant difference test was applied to determine significant differences between conditions. **\u003ci\u003ep\u003c/i\u003e \u0026lt; .05. \u003cbr\u003eCroake, D. J., Andreatta, R. D., \u0026amp; Stemple, J. C. (2018). Vocalization subsystem responses to a temporarily induced unilateral vocal fold paralysis. \u003ci\u003eJournal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 61,\u003c/i\u003e 479–495. https://doi.org/10.1044/2017_JSLHR-S-17-0227","descriptionType":"Abstract"}],"geoLocations":[],"fundingReferences":[],"xml":"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