{"data":{"id":"10.1594/pangaea.712911","type":"dois","attributes":{"doi":"10.1594/pangaea.712911","prefix":"10.1594","suffix":"pangaea.712911","identifiers":[],"alternateIdentifiers":[],"creators":[{"name":"Zhang, Yi Ge","givenName":"Yi Ge","familyName":"Zhang","nameIdentifiers":[{"schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7331-1246","nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID"}],"affiliation":[]},{"name":"Ji, Jungfeng","givenName":"Jungfeng","familyName":"Ji","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Balsam, William L","givenName":"William L","familyName":"Balsam","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Liu, Lianwen","givenName":"Lianwen","familyName":"Liu","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Chen, Jun","givenName":"Jun","familyName":"Chen","nameIdentifiers":[{"schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3291-5400","nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID"}],"affiliation":[]}],"titles":[{"title":"High resolution color reflectance and hematite and goethite record of ODP Hole 184-1143A in the South China Sea"}],"publisher":"PANGAEA","container":{},"publicationYear":2009,"subjects":[{"subject":"Drilling/drill rig","subjectScheme":"Method"},{"subject":"Leg184","subjectScheme":"Campaign"},{"subject":"Joides Resolution","subjectScheme":"Basis"},{"subject":"Ocean Drilling Program (ODP)","subjectScheme":"Project"}],"contributors":[],"dates":[{"date":"2009","dateType":"Issued"}],"language":"en","types":{"ris":"GEN","bibtex":"misc","citeproc":"article","schemaOrg":"Collection","resourceType":"Supplementary Publication Series of Datasets","resourceTypeGeneral":"Collection"},"relatedIdentifiers":[{"relationType":"IsSupplementTo","relatedIdentifier":"10.1016/j.epsl.2007.09.022","relatedIdentifierType":"DOI"}],"relatedItems":[],"sizes":["2 datasets"],"formats":["application/zip"],"version":null,"rightsList":[{"rights":"Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported","rightsUri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode","schemeUri":"https://spdx.org/licenses/","rightsIdentifier":"cc-by-3.0","rightsIdentifierScheme":"SPDX"}],"descriptions":[{"description":"Precipitation has a larger variability than temperature in tropical monsoon regions, thus it is an important climate variable. However, reconstructions of long-term rainfall histories are scarce because of the lack of reliable proxies. Here we document that iron oxide minerals, specifically the ratio of hematite to goethite (Hm/Gt), is a reasonable precipitation proxy. Using diffuse reflectance spectrophotometry, we measured samples from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) 1143 drilling site (9°21.72'N, 113°17.11'E, 2777 m water depth) for hematite and goethite, whose formation processes are favored by opposing climate conditions. In order to determine the content of hematite and goethite we produced a set of calibration samples by removing the iron oxides to generate the natural matrix to which hematite and goethite in known percentages were added. From these calibration samples we developed a transfer function for determining hematite and goethite concentration from a sample's spectral reflectance. Applying this method to ODP 1143 sediments (top 34 m of a 510 m core with sampling interval of 10 cm) we were able to reconstruct a continuous precipitation history for SE Asia of the past 600 kyr using the Hm/Gt ratio as a proxy of the precipitation variability of Asian monsoon. The reliability of this Hm/Gt proxy is corroborated by its consistency with the stalagmite delta18O data from South China. Comparing long-term Hm/Gt records with the surface temperature gradient of equatorial Pacific Ocean, we found that monsoon precipitation and El Niño are correlated for the last 600 kyr. The development of El Niño-like conditions decreased SE Asia precipitation, whereas precipitation increases in response to La Niña intensification","descriptionType":"Abstract"},{"description":"Supplement to: Zhang, Yi Ge; Ji, Jungfeng; Liu, Lianwen; Chen, Jun (2007): High resolution hematite and goethite records from ODP 1143, South China Sea: Co-evolution of monsoonal precipitation and El Niño over the past 600,000 years. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 264(1-2), 136-150","descriptionType":"Other"}],"geoLocations":[{"geoLocationPoint":{"pointLatitude":"9.36198","pointLongitude":"113.28503"}},{"geoLocationPlace":"South China Sea"}],"fundingReferences":[],"xml":"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